9d-29 When in Rome.

○Better the devil you know than the devil you don't know.

知らぬ神より馴染みの鬼

○If the shoe fits(, wear it).

《主に米国で用いられる》 その評言に思い当たるところがあれば(自分のことと思うがよい).

思い当たるふしがあるならすなおに受け入れなさい

○If looks could kill, I’d be dead right now.

「その見た目なら、見た瞬間に死んじゃうよ」から転じて、「瞬殺された！」というカジュアルな表現に。

○If the mountain will not come to Mohammed, Mohammed must go to the mountain.

「山がモハメッドのところに来なければモハメッドが山のところに行かねばならない」

相手がこっちに来ないのならこちらから向かっていくという意味｡

○Don't count your chickens before they've hatched.

捕らぬたぬきの皮算用をするな。

○ Finders keepers, losers weepers.

拾ったものは自分のもの。

○Where there is a will, there is a way. 

意志のあるところに道あり。

○When in Rome, do as the Romans do.

郷に入れば郷に従え。

○Where there's smoke, there's fire.

火のないところに煙は立たぬ。

9d-42 She practices what she preaches.(p.90-91)

1. What I like about her is that she practices what she preaches.

彼女の好きなところは、自分の言うことを実践しているところです。

Practice what you preach.《人に説くことは自分でも実行せよ》

先ず隗より始めよ。

*practice what (you) preach:do what (you) advise or tell others to do

2. I may not always agree with him, but he does have have the courage of his convictions.

彼とはいつも意見が一致するわけではありませんが、彼は自分の信念を貫く勇気を持っています。

*have the courage of (your)convitions: have enough determination to carry out (your) goals

3．If you don't have a thick skin, you'll never make it in politics.

もし打たれ強くないと、政治の世界で成功することはできません。

*have a thick skin:not easily bothered by criticism

4．I respect that she's a straight shooter and doesn't shy away from the hard truths.

彼女が率直であり、難しい真実を避けないことを尊重しています。

※a straight shooter:率直で正直な人/honest person

5．I like that he gives credit where credit's due, even when it's the opposition.

私は彼が功績がある場所では功績を認める姿勢が好きです。たとえそれが対立する側であっても。

※Credit where credit's due.:功績を認めよう。

*give credit when credit's due:aknowledge someone's ability

6. The man is incapable of putting himself in other people's shoes, which explains his  policies.

この男は他人の立場に立つことができず、それが彼のポリシーの説明になっている。

*put (yourself) in (other people's) shoes:consider (other people's) situation

7. When there's a crisis, you need someone who leads from the front.

危機が起こったとき、先頭に立って指揮する人が必要です。

*lead from the front:be active in what one is directing others to do

8.Say what you will about her, she has the common touch because she's so down-to-earth.

彼女について何を言おうとも、彼女は地に足の着いた人柄であり、そのため一般の人々とのつながりがあると言えます。

*down-to-earth:with no pretensions;realisitic:sensible

*the common touch:ability to get along with or appeal to ordinary people

刑務所の目的（英検英作文3-10 p.52[038])

Reforming criminal behavior is one of the main goals of prisons. While these are ways prisons can do better at rehabilitating criminals, that does not mean that prisons are completely ineffective. Society should focus on improving the current prison system. Creating a new system to replace prisons would be too costly and possibly ineffective.

更生の可能性（英検英作文3-9 p.52[037])

There is a high chance that minors who commit crimes can be rehabilitated. Young people’s behavior can change drastically if they receive proper guidance. Rather than spending millions of dollars keeping minors in prisons, governments should invest in better support and education systems for these young people.

発展途上の脳（英検英作文3-8 p.50[036])

Young people’s brain have not finished developing. Research has shown that the decision-making part of the brain continues to develop until an individual’s mid-20’s. So young people’s brains are not as quick at making good decisions. This must be taken into account when considering punishments for minors.

 

未成年者と成人の線引き（英検英作文3-7 p.50[035])

The details of some crimes show that minors can be capable of making adult decisions. Countries have specific age numbers to divide children from adults, but in reality these numbers should vary for each person. Some children develop more quickly than others. This means that sometimes a 16-year-old “child” has the mental capacity of a 20-year-old “adult.”

犯罪者の意図と刑罰（英検英作文3-6 p.50[034])

When deciding punishments for crimes, criminals’ intentions are important. For example, according to the law, people rarely receive life imprisonment for accidentally killing another person. But when a crime is intentional, then life imprisonment is sometimes justified. Likewise, heavy penalties should be imposed on minors if they understood the results of their actions.

監視カメラの問題（英検英作文3-5 p.50[033])

Some people argue that police should use more surveillance cameras to stop crime, but this invades the privacy of good citizens. Also, there is not substantial evidence that surveillance cameras reduce crime. Many and resources should not be invested in any crime prevention techniques unless they are proven to be effective.

監視カメラによる抑止（英検英作文3-4 p.48[032])

In order to deter violence, more surveillance cameras should be installed. Studies suggest that crime decrease in areas that have prominently displayed surveillance cameras. While some may argue that this violence is then displaced to areas with less supervision, video evidence is a powerful way to discourage violent and other criminal acts.

武器と犯罪（英検英作文3-3 p.48[031])

Society has dealt with the problem of violent crime by banning weapons. In Japan, it is more difficult to purchase a gun than in other developed countries. Japan banned the ownership of firearms and swords in 1958. Removing these weapons from society is one reason that Japan has the second lowest murder rate in the world.

犯罪と貧困（英検英作文3-2 p.48[030])

We should focus on increasing income for people without money not reducing crime. Traditionally, society tries to prevent crime by punishing people and sending them to prison. But this does not solve the problem, as many people return to crime after prison. Instead, we should attempt to provide more income opportunities for poor household.

凶悪犯罪とメディア（英検英作文3-1 p.48[029])

In order to prevent violent crime, society needs to restrict access to violent media. For years, psychologists have been researching the connection between violence and the media. Children are particularly vulnerable to influence. Accordingly, children who spend many hours watching violent television tend to be more aggressive in their teenage years.

ヘイトスピーチ（英検英作文2-16 p.44[028])

Japan’s treatment of minorities is steadily improving. For example, there are frequently complains that right-wing groups in Japan hold racist demonstrations targeting Korean residents in the country. But the view of these small groups do not reflect the opinions of Japanese people in general. That is why the government recently passed a law banning hate speech.

性的少数者への無理解（英検英作文2-15 p.44[027])

Japan is a very unwelcoming place for members of the LGBT community. The vast majority of gay people are unable to reveal their sexuality to family members due to fear of rejection. Recently, some cities have started allowing same-sex partnerships, but government leaders openly looked for ways to ban them. Also, homosexual partners cannot obtain a spouse visa in Japan.

性的少数者への理解（英検英作文2-14 p.44[026])

In recent years, Japan has become much more supportive of members of the LGBT community. In some areas of Tokyo, same-sex partnerships are also permitted. Also, many non-Japanese gay residents in Japan say that they feel less physically threatened than in their home countries. These gradual changes show that minority groups are beginning to receive more respect and equal rights.

在日中国人・朝鮮人への差別（英検英作文2-13 p.44[025])

In recent years, officials from the UN have repeatedly declared that racism is a serious, countrywide problem in Japan. In particular, the discrimination against Chinese and Korean residents in Japan is seen to be a major problem. Of course, not all Japanese citizens discriminate against these minorities, but the government still needs to do more to protect and support then.

女性により公平なシステム（英検英作文2-12 p.42[024])

Japan does need to work to improve the opportunities for women in society, but this change is already taking place. Specifically, women need more chances to obtain respectable, high-paying jobs and leadership position, especially after having children. The majority of both men and women in Japan appear to agree on this issue. Accordingly, policymakers are already working to create a fairer system for women.

他国との比較（英検英作文2-11 p.42[023])

Although women in Japan do not yet have as many opportunities as men, they are not victims of any human rights violations. In countries that are extremely prejudice against women, females are treated as second-class citizens that cannot attend schools or acquire valuable skills. But in Japan women receive the same world-class education as men.

政界の女性（英検英作文2-10 p.42[022])

Japan has one of the worst levels of political gender equality among developed countries. According to one survey, the percentage of female lower house members in Japan was less than that of over 100 other countries, including both China and North Korea. Discriminatory policies are not like to change unless women have more representation in politics.

日本企業の女性管理職（英検英作文2-9 p.42[021])

The number of women in executive position at companies is embarrassingly low in Japan compared to other developed nations. According to a recent study, only about 10% of management position at Japanese companies were held by women, and only 1% of senior, executive-level positions.