伝統文化の喪失（英検英作文1-12 p.34)

Urbanization can result in the loss of traditional culture and practices. Small family-run businesses are less common in highly populated urban areas, which leads to a decrease in traditional products. Traditional activities like festivals are also less common. Plus, traditional architecture is replaced by large buildings and skyscrapers.

都市化と環境（英検英作文1-11 p.34)

The environment has been negatively impacted by rapid urbanization. Growing numbers of urban centers and factories have polluted the air, destroyed natural ecosystems, and harmed wildlife. Furthermore, people living in urban areas have no connection with nature, so they tend to have less respect for the environment in general.

経済効果（英検英作文1-10 p.34)

Urbanization improves economies. Large cities tend to attract a lot of skilled workers. With so many people in small area, more types of business can be established. Also, people get exposed to more ideas and can make more useful connections. Plus, the area becomes an attractive destination for businesses visiting from abroad.

利便性（英検英作文1-9 p.34)

Urbanization makes daily life more convenient. Urban areas have better public transportation, and people in urban areas have access to shops such as convenience stores, supermarkets, and restaurants. Because daily life is more convenient, people have more time to focus on important things like work and time with loved ones.

宗教と倫理観（英検英作文1-8 p.32)

Although religion is decreasing around the world, this does not mean that moral values are disappearing. Studies have shown that non-religious people still have healthy moral beliefs. In fact, history has shown that highly religious people are the ones with questionable morals. The latest example of this is terrorism, but it is true of almost every major religion.

公共のマナー（英検英作文1-7 p.32)

Changes to public manners are putting more distance between people. Not long ago, starting a conversation with a stranger in your neighborhood was a polite thing to do. In a large city, though, this behavior is not common anymore. Some people even think that this type of behavior is rude.

物質主義とモラル（英検英作文1-6 p.32)

Increased materialism is leading to a drop in moral values. Society is teaching people that nothing is more important than money. This results in a situation where people are willing to do horrible things just to make money. Unless society can find some way to decrease its focus on money, moral values will continue to fade away.

家族関係の変化（英検英作文1-5 p.32)

As society changes, people are spending less time with their families. More and more young people are moving to big cities for jobs. Also, even when they are at home, they can spend all of their time looking at their smartphones. Since they talk to their older family member less often, they have fewer opportunities to learn important moral lessons.

食糧問題の軽減（英検英作文1-4 p.30)

Countries with lower populations may have advantage in the future because they will need less food. Experts predict that there will be major worldwide food shortages only a few decades from now. This is especially frightening for countries like Japan that do not produce enough food to feed its citizens. Decreased population will alleviate this problem.

子どもの教育費（英検英作文1-3 p.30)

Taking care of children is expensive in developed countries because parents need to pay for education, healthcare, and bigger houses. Families with fewer children spend less money. As a result, they are more capable of purchasing goods and services, which improves their quality of life.

若者の負担（英検英作文1-2 p.30)

When the population of young workers is less than the elderly, this means the smallest group of people carries the heaviest economic responsibility. The younger working population must do all the work to support the older generation, who receive pensions and expensive medical care. The government cannot support the elderly without forcing young people to work unreasonable hours.

高齢者と医療費（英検英作文1-1 p.30)

A consequence of an aging population is that more people need medical care. However, countries like Japan with aging populations are not equipped to deal with an increased demand for costly healthcare. This is a huge problem because there are not enough medical staff and not enough funds to hire them.(51words)

Mr.Seki's 世界 Part2 例題

2020/06/03

1.    What does she do for living?

A)     She forgot to do it last night.

B)     She is moving a large apartment.

C)     She works as a consultant.                   

2020/06/04

2．　Ms. Wagner asked you about ordering a new projector already, didn’t she?

A)     Yes. We’ll be ready in a moment.

B)     I haven’t spoken with her yet.

C)     The project has already ended.

 

3.    The lobby is really crowded.

A)     No, it’s later, not now.

B)     It’ll be cloudy all day.

C)     A tour group arrived a few minutes ago.

 

4.    Why are you still here?

A)     No, she left already.

B)     That’s the schedule time.

C)     I have to complete this report.

 

 

5.    When’s the new supervisor start?

A)     At the head office.

B)     Ms. Pearson will.

C)    On March  4.

 

6.    Doesn’t he have to leave for the airport soon?

A)     His trip was postponed.

B)     Sorry, there aren’t anymore.

C)     The flight was pleasant.

 

7.    You sent him the parcel, didn’t you?

A)     No, he doesn’t.

B)     Yes, I did that this morning.

C)     I have a few stamps left.

Mr.Seki's 世界 Part1 例題

Track 62

1

A)   Boxes have been arranged on some tables.

B)   Some bookshelves have been fixed to the walls.

C)   Future is being taken out of a box.

D)   A man is selecting a book from a cabinet.

2

A)   One of the men is putting on a tie.

B)   The woman is facing away from the men.

C)   They’re passing the entrance of a building.

D)   One of the men is speaking into a microphone.

3

A)   Some buildings are located along the coastline.

B)   Some handbags are hanging from a fence.

C)   Some pictures of a ship are on sale.

D)   Some people are watching a movie.

4

A)   They’re examining a display case.

B)   Hats are stacked up on some tables.

C)   Some tablecloths have been hung up to dry.

D)   Some people are clearing branches.

5

A)   The man is looking for his sunglasses.

B)   The man is building a stone wall.

C)   The man is putting away a book.

D)   The man is sitting outdoors.

 

8a--31(Lane@Shijokawaramatchi/20190406)

*appropriate(adj):something that is appropriate is suitable or acceptable for a particular situation
*class:The students in a school or college who finish their course in a particular year are often referred to as the class of that year.
*truant:a truant is a student who stays away from school without permission.
*tardy:arriving or done late
*corporal punishment:punishment that involves hitting someone, especially in schools and persons

>>Language
Uniform these days are quite like the one we had at school (←British style）
Punishments are completely different from the kind of things we experienced.
The rules about make up are actually much the same as in my day.
The kind of things that kinds get in trouble for are pretty similar to what were doing.

○Resources
be noting[quite/just] like
be a bit[quite/completely] different (from...)
be a bit[fairly/kind of] similar (to...)
be much[just/exactly] the same (as)
   

8a-06 It's heartbreaking to think about...

Expressing emotional reaction to news items

It's horrifying to see people living in such poor conditions.

It's horrifying to see children starving while other countries have more than enough to eat.

It's awful to hear about people living without access to safe drinking water.

It's heartbreaking to read about people losing absolutely everything and having start all over with nothing.


*hór･ri･fy･ing　
[形]
❶ 〈光景などが〉恐ろしい, ぞっとするような（horrific）.
❷ 不愉快な, 不親切な.
=extremely bad, especially in a way that is frightening or upsetting;

*aw･ful　
 / ɔ´ːfl, ((米＋))ɑ´ːfl /
（変化形の発音　awfuller ，awfullest ）
《◆[形] ❹では  / -fUl / 》
【原義：畏(おそ)れ（awe）がいっぱい（ful）】
━━[形] （more ［most］ ～；－・ful・ler［lest］）
❶ ((略式))不快な, 気分が悪い；〈天気・傷などが〉ひどい, たいへん悪い；後悔して, 気がとがめて（terrible）
=very bad or unpleasant

*trag･ic　
 / trǽdʒIk /
【［派］←tragedy（名）】
━━[形] （more ［most］ ～）
❶ 悲惨な, 痛ましい

=a tragic event or situation makes you feel very sad, especially because it involves death or suffering

*ap･pall，　

((英では主に))ap･pal / əpɔ´ːl, ((米＋))-pɑ´ːl / 

（変化形の発音　appalls ，appalled ，appalling ，appals ，appaled ，appaling ）

[動] (他) …をぞっと［ぎょっと］させる（horrify）；［be ～ed］ 〈人が〉〔…に/…ということに/…して〕ぞっと［ぎょっと］する〔at, by / that節 / to do〕.

=to make someone feel very shocked and upset:

*dév･as･tàt･ing　

 / -tèItIŋ / 

[形] 

❶ ［通例限定］〈物・事が〉破壊的な, 壊滅的な（disastrous）

=badly damaging or destroying something:

*dread･ful　

 / drédfl / 

[形] 

❶ ひどく不快な, ひどく悪い（terrible）

=extremely unpleasant; [=]terrible:

Chris@吹田校 20170205

*secede[sIsíːd]:（同盟などから）脱退[分離独立]する
*tariff:関税
Mr. Trump would impose a high tariff.
*We are in the age of globalization.
*a large population
*even if～
*be afraid of losing their rights
  afraid for～:<物・事の>成り行きを気遣う
*accept their request
*there is a problem in Okinawa with the US military base
*benefitを「～の利益になる」と他動詞で扱う
  That doesn't benefit rice farmers.

7d-01 There weren't as many safety regulations.(Lane@四条河原町 2017/02/05)

[Language]～ここでは名詞を比べる～

-similar amount in the past-
There was just as much crime when I was young.
There were just as many terrible TV shows.

-lesser amount in the past-
There wasn't as much pressure to fit in. *fit in:適合する，馴染む
There weren't as many career paths for women.

[vocabulary]
back then = in the past = in those days = in my day = when I was young

awareness:知ること，自覚すること

nuclear family , extended family

household : （１つの住居にともに暮らす）家族，世帯
*familyは一緒に住んでいなくても「家族」

[Point]
nearly(ほとんど)はnot as much/manyの強意語として。veryは使えない。
There weren't nearly as many traffic accidents back then.
There wasn't nearly as much trouble at music festivals.

Endangered Barns 2014-2(32-34)

Barns have long been a symbol of the American rural landscape. In years past, every farm had at least one wooden barn to house animals and store equipment and feed. But over the last century, as agriculture became industrialized, farms became larger and fewer. Many small, family-operated farms tore down their barns and sold their land. The family farms that remain have replaced working animals such as horses, which were once kept in barns, with machinery that can be stored in metal sheds. Livestock such as dairy cows and pigs are now kept in long, low buildings that can house far more animals.

Thousands of barns collapse or are destroyed every year. The National Trust for Historic Preservation, an organization that works to save historic places in the United States, says this represents a significant loss to the nation's rural heritage. Alongside other groups, they are working to raise awareness of the number of endangered barns and how they can be protected. A few states offer financial incentives in the form of tax breaks and small state grants for preservation efforts. Federal officials have also agreed to provide grants for barn preservation, but funding has been slow to materialize, with critics saying such funds should rather be used to assist farmers facing low crop yields.

Some people have been renovating barns for residential living rather than maintaining them as historic structures. Their huge beams and spacious interiors make for an attractive living space. Such conversions are costly, however, as old barns need significant structural work. Even if the framework is solid, installing electricity and plumbing can be difficult. And once converted to a home, a barn's large size and poor insulation make it difficult to heat in winter. Furthermore, although barn-to-home conversions do preserve the buildings, purists argue they do little to conserve their historical character or the agricultural tradition they represent.

(312words)

The Other Side of Germs 2014-2(29-31)

The term "microbiome" refers to the millions of bacteria, viruses, and fungi that live in and on our bodies. Until recently, scientists focused mainly on how these organisms cause disease and how they can be destroyed. For example, the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, which is linked to certain diseases of the stomach, has been nearly eliminated by antibiotics in developed countries. Martin Blaser, a microbiologist at New York University, says this approach should be questioned. He notes that, from an evolutionary standpoint, H. pylori's long association with humans makes no sense if its only function is to harm us.

Indeed, recent findings suggest H. pylori also has a positive role. Studies of mice show that eliminating H. pylori from the stomach causes hormonal changes that lead to severe weight gain. In nations where antibiotics have reduced the presence of H. pylori, obesity may therefore be one consequence. Further studies indicate that humans without H. pylori are more likely to develop diseases such as asthma, which has become widespread throughout developed countries.

Dr. David Relman, a professor at the Stanford University School of Medicine, is convinced that the medical establishment's focus on killing germs needs to change. The increasing number of allergies in developed countries, he says, is related to the destruction of the microbiome by antibiotics. Relman compares the microbiome to a complex forest ecosystem. He says we should manage it the way we manage wilderness preserves: with the understanding that diversity is key to the overall health of the system.

(250words)