在日中国人・朝鮮人への差別（英検英作文2-13 p.44[025])

In recent years, officials from the UN have repeatedly declared that racism is a serious, countrywide problem in Japan. In particular, the discrimination against Chinese and Korean residents in Japan is seen to be a major problem. Of course, not all Japanese citizens discriminate against these minorities, but the government still needs to do more to protect and support then.

女性により公平なシステム（英検英作文2-12 p.42[024])

Japan does need to work to improve the opportunities for women in society, but this change is already taking place. Specifically, women need more chances to obtain respectable, high-paying jobs and leadership position, especially after having children. The majority of both men and women in Japan appear to agree on this issue. Accordingly, policymakers are already working to create a fairer system for women.

他国との比較（英検英作文2-11 p.42[023])

Although women in Japan do not yet have as many opportunities as men, they are not victims of any human rights violations. In countries that are extremely prejudice against women, females are treated as second-class citizens that cannot attend schools or acquire valuable skills. But in Japan women receive the same world-class education as men.

政界の女性（英検英作文2-10 p.42[022])

Japan has one of the worst levels of political gender equality among developed countries. According to one survey, the percentage of female lower house members in Japan was less than that of over 100 other countries, including both China and North Korea. Discriminatory policies are not like to change unless women have more representation in politics.

日本企業の女性管理職（英検英作文2-9 p.42[021])

The number of women in executive position at companies is embarrassingly low in Japan compared to other developed nations. According to a recent study, only about 10% of management position at Japanese companies were held by women, and only 1% of senior, executive-level positions.

言論の自由と思想の自由（英検英作文2-8 p.40[020])

The world needs controversial – and sometimes offensive – art, ideas, and politics. For example, hundreds of famous books that are now used in literature classes were once banned by governments. The reason that governments usually restrict these books is because they want to control the ideas and principles of society in general, which is unacceptable. Freedom of speech supports freedom of thought.

言論の自由の規制の難しさ（英検英作文2-7 p.40[019])

The main reason that freedom of speech should not be restricted is that people cannot agree what type of speech is unacceptable. The large number of debates surrounding this topic is evidence of this. Even if people have strange or offensive ideas, they should be able to express them freely.

虚偽広告（英検英作文2-6 p.40[018])

Lies to the public such as false advertising should be banned. For example, companies should not be allowed to lie about the benefits of their products or services. This type of speech can trick customers into purchasing things that they do not actually want, which is a type of stealing.

言葉の暴力（英検英作文2-5 p.40)

There should be laws against speech that directly harms other people. These laws already exist in many countries. In these places, it is illegal to falsely accuse someone of a crime or to harm their public reputation by lying. Officials have established laws like these because words can sometimes be just as harmful as violence.

プライバシーの保護を解除する危険性（英検英作文2-4 p.38)

Removing privacy protection does not necessarily lead to increased public safety. For example, recently many government agencies have demanded that large tech companies create methods for breaking into devices such as smartphones. Decreasing the security features of devices like this would make it easier to conduct investigations, but it would also make it easier for criminals to steal information from private citizens.

 

プライバシーの重要性（英検英作文2-3 p.38)

The primary reason privacy must be respected is that humans need privacy to live happy, healthy lives. Privacy is a fundamental human right recognized in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. When privacy rights are violated, people feel vulnerable, insecure, and afraid. Protecting the mental health of people is just as crucial as maintaining public safety. 

犯罪者とプライバシー（英検英作文2-2 p.38)

Limiting the amount of private information that governments and police can access aids criminals and terrorists. For example, when prepaid cellphones were introduced, they quickly became popular among drug dealers, because they are difficult to track. If everyone has more privacy, then criminals and terrorists will have more privacy, too.

人命の重要性（英検英作文2-1 p.38)

Although protecting personal privacy is vital, it is not as valuable as maintaining public safety. If human lives can be saved by violating the privacy of one or more people, then it is acceptable to do so. Governments and police only access private personal information in order to protect people.

伝統文化の喪失（英検英作文1-12 p.34)

Urbanization can result in the loss of traditional culture and practices. Small family-run businesses are less common in highly populated urban areas, which leads to a decrease in traditional products. Traditional activities like festivals are also less common. Plus, traditional architecture is replaced by large buildings and skyscrapers.

都市化と環境（英検英作文1-11 p.34)

The environment has been negatively impacted by rapid urbanization. Growing numbers of urban centers and factories have polluted the air, destroyed natural ecosystems, and harmed wildlife. Furthermore, people living in urban areas have no connection with nature, so they tend to have less respect for the environment in general.

経済効果（英検英作文1-10 p.34)

Urbanization improves economies. Large cities tend to attract a lot of skilled workers. With so many people in small area, more types of business can be established. Also, people get exposed to more ideas and can make more useful connections. Plus, the area becomes an attractive destination for businesses visiting from abroad.

利便性（英検英作文1-9 p.34)

Urbanization makes daily life more convenient. Urban areas have better public transportation, and people in urban areas have access to shops such as convenience stores, supermarkets, and restaurants. Because daily life is more convenient, people have more time to focus on important things like work and time with loved ones.

宗教と倫理観（英検英作文1-8 p.32)

Although religion is decreasing around the world, this does not mean that moral values are disappearing. Studies have shown that non-religious people still have healthy moral beliefs. In fact, history has shown that highly religious people are the ones with questionable morals. The latest example of this is terrorism, but it is true of almost every major religion.

公共のマナー（英検英作文1-7 p.32)

Changes to public manners are putting more distance between people. Not long ago, starting a conversation with a stranger in your neighborhood was a polite thing to do. In a large city, though, this behavior is not common anymore. Some people even think that this type of behavior is rude.

物質主義とモラル（英検英作文1-6 p.32)

Increased materialism is leading to a drop in moral values. Society is teaching people that nothing is more important than money. This results in a situation where people are willing to do horrible things just to make money. Unless society can find some way to decrease its focus on money, moral values will continue to fade away.